This sourdough bread recipe for beginners uses just 4 ingredients and a simple stretch-and-fold schedule. Plan for a 3 to 5 hour bulk rise plus an overnight fridge proof, then bake in a hot Dutch oven at 450°F.

For a long time, sourdough bread felt like something other people knew how to do. I’d see beautiful loaves online with crackling crusts and airy interiors, and the process always looked complicated. But once I slowed down and paid attention to the rhythm of sourdough, to feed the starter, mix the dough, let time do the work, it turned out to be much simpler than it first appeared. In this guide, I’ll show you the beginner method that finally worked for me so you can bake a reliable sourdough loaf using just four ingredients: flour, water, salt, and an active starter.

What Is Sourdough Bread?

Sourdough bread is a traditional, naturally-leavened bread made with wild yeast and bacteria from an active starter instead of commercial yeast. The longer fermentation is what builds the distinctive tangy flavor and affects rise time. It has a chewy texture surrounded by a crispy crust.

Many people, including myself, prefer sourdough bread to regular white bread because the flavor is much more interesting. I also believe the fermentation process makes the bread is easier to digest.

Sourdough baking has become one of my favorite kitchen rhythms. After working on it for a year, I eventually settled on a straightforward process that works reliably for me as a beginner. It doesn’t require a long prep period, during which your enthusiasm can wane … just a healthy starter and time for the dough to ferment naturally. Every loaf I’ve made with this method rises beautifully and tastes ah-mazing.

Here is my very first loaf made with this recipe:

If you’re new to sourdough, I also created a free beginner guide with my personal sourdough notes and tips to help you get your first successful loaf.

Download my free guide:

It covers starter basics and the simple rhythm that makes sourdough bread easier, along with the seven things that actually made the difference for my first loaf!

Sourdough Terminology

If you’re new to sourdough bread, some of the words can make it sound far more complicated than it really is. Once you understand a few basic terms, the whole process feels much simpler. Here are the ones you’ll see most often.

Sourdough Starter

A sourdough starter is a living mixture of flour and water that captures natural wild yeast and beneficial bacteria from your environment. Instead of using store-bought yeast, this starter becomes what helps your bread rise. When it is active, bubbly, and recently fed, it is ready to use in your dough.

Sourdough Discard

Discard is the portion of starter you remove before feeding your sourdough starter again. This keeps the starter healthy and manageable in size. It is called “discard,” but it does not have to be thrown away. Many people use it in pancakes, crackers, muffins, biscuits, and other recipes.

Autolyse

Autolyse is a resting period after mixing flour and water, before adding salt and starter. This short rest allows the flour to fully absorb the water and helps gluten begin developing naturally. It makes your dough easier to handle and improve the final texture of the bread.

Bulk Fermentation (Bulk Rise)

Bulk fermentation is the first major rise after all the ingredients are mixed together. During this stage, the dough ferments, develops flavor, and gains strength. This is usually the longest part of the sourdough process and often takes several hours, depending on the temperature of your kitchen.

Proofing

Proofing is the final rise after the dough has been shaped. During this stage, the dough relaxes and expands before baking. Proper proofing helps create good oven spring and a better crumb structure inside the finished loaf.

Score

Scoring means making shallow cuts in the top of the dough just before baking, usually with a sharp knife or bread lame. This gives the bread a controlled place to expand in the oven instead of cracking unpredictably. It also creates the beautiful rustic look many people love in sourdough bread.

Oven Spring

Oven spring is the quick burst of rising that happens during the first part of baking, when the dough hits the hot oven. The heat causes trapped gases inside the dough to expand rapidly, helping the loaf rise taller and develop a lighter texture. Good proofing, strong dough structure, and a properly preheated Dutch oven all help create better oven spring.

Crumb

Crumb refers to the inside texture of the bread once it is sliced open. It describes how tight or open the interior structure is, including the size and shape of the air pockets. A soft sandwich loaf usually has a tighter crumb, while artisan sourdough often has a more open crumb with larger holes. The crumb helps tell you a lot about how well the dough fermented and proofed.

How Long Does It Take For Sourdough Bread to Rise?

Bulk fermentation often takes 3 to 5 hours at room temperature, but cooler kitchens take longer. That can be confusing for beginners, and it certainly was for me. So instead, use dough cues (it will be puffy, airy, and slowly springing back when poked) instead of the clock, then do the overnight fridge proof I call for in my recipe for a more forgiving and reliable method.

Ingredients and Tools Needed

One of the things that stops many people from trying sourdough bread is the idea that it requires a lot of special tools. If you look online, you’ll see beautiful photos of baskets, scoring blades, proofing boxes, and all sorts of specialized equipment.

But sourdough bread was baked for hundreds of years with very simple tools. In fact, many home bakers start with nothing more than a bowl, a spoon, and a pot for baking.

If you’re just beginning, focus on the essentials. You can always add specialized tools later if you find that you enjoy baking sourdough regularly.

These are the only things you truly need to make a good loaf of sourdough bread.

Sourdough Starter

Your starter is the natural yeast that makes the bread rise. If you don’t have a starter yet, you can make one at home (it takes several days), get one from a friend, or buy one online. Before baking, feed your starter and use it when it doubles and looks bubbly and airy. Full guide: Active Sourdough Starter for Beginners.

Flour

Bread flour works best for beginners because it has higher protein, which helps create structure in the dough. All-purpose flour can also work.

Water

Use filtered, bottled, or regular tap water. If your tap water has a strong chlorine smell, filtered water may work better, as it can weaken or even kill the yeast and beneficial bacteria needed for fermentation.

I also recommend you use warm water, not cold and not hot, but warm (ideally 80°F–90°F / 24°C–32°C) as it will aid in fermentation. Be careful not to go too hot, as water over 120°F will kill the yeast.

Salt

Salt strengthens the dough and enhances flavor. Most basic sourdough recipes use about 2% salt by weight of the flour. The best salt for sourdough bread are non-iodized, fine-grade salts, such as kosher salt or fine sea salt, as they will dissolve better.

Large Mixing Bowl

A sturdy glass, ceramic, or food-safe plastic bowl about 4-6 quarts will work for mixing and fermenting the dough. I do not recommend a metal bowl such as aluminum or copper as the acid in the dough can produce a metallic taste.

Kitchen Scale (Recommended)

Bread baking is most consistent when ingredients are measured by weight rather than volume. A simple digital kitchen scale makes this easy.

Baking Vessel

I bake sourdough in a Dutch oven because it traps steam and helps create a beautiful crust. I find the best size Dutch oven for this recipe to be 3.5 quarts, as it allows enough room for your bread to rise yet is small enough to trap the steam in the right places. If you don’t have a Dutch oven, you can use a covered oven-safe pot or even a baking sheet with a tray of water in the oven for steam.

Parchment Paper

This makes it easier and safer to transfer the dough into a hot baking vessel.

How to Make Sourdough Bread: A Step-by-Step Overview for Beginners

Making sourdough bread is a simple process built around time, fermentation, and a few basic ingredients. This two-page overview breaks the process into simple steps you can follow loaf after loaf. For more detail on each step, see the following pages.

Feed Sourdough Starter

Timing: Your sourdough starter should be active and bubbly before you begin mixing dough.

Feed your starter about 4–8 hours before baking so it has time to rise and become fully active. A ready starter will usually double in size and develop lots of small bubbles.

What to Remember: Your starter is the natural yeast that makes the bread rise. If the starter is weak, the dough will struggle.

Signs your starter is ready:

• Doubled in size
• Bubbly and airy
• Passes the float test (a small spoonful floats in water)

Mix the Dough

Basic Ingredients:

• Active sourdough starter (best time to use it is right after it peaks)
• Water (should be warm, not cold and not hot)
• Flour (bread flour works well)
• Salt

Typical beginner ratio: 100 g starter / 350 g water / 500 g flour / 10 g salt

Process: Mix starter, water, flour, and salt together until no dry flour remains. Cover with a damp towel or plastic wrap, and let the dough rest for 30 minutes or less.

Why Autolyse Matters

This short rest helps the flour absorb water and begin forming gluten, and it also makes it easier to handle. This is like an autolyse stage, but we’re doing it with all ingredients mixed together at once to create a stronger dough.

Bulk Fermentation (with Stretch and Folds)

This is the main rising period for sourdough dough. Place the dough in a bowl in your kitchen at room temperature for 3–5 hours, depending on your kitchen temperature. During this time you will gently strengthen the dough using stretch and fold movements.

You do not need to knead this dough. The stretch-and-fold sets build strength over time.

Typical schedule: Stretch and fold every 30 minutes for the first 2 hours. After that, allow the dough to rest undisturbed.

What to look for:

• Dough becomes smoother and more elastic
• Dough increases in volume
• Surface becomes slightly puffy

Shape Dough

Once bulk fermentation is complete, gently turn the dough onto a lightly floured surface. Shape the dough by rolling it toward you, then folding the edges inward and tightening the outer surface so it holds its shape. This creates tension on the surface, which helps the loaf rise upward in the oven. Place the shaped dough seam-side up into a floured bowl lined with a tea towel, a banneton, or a proofing basket.

Final Proof

The shaped dough now rests again to finish rising.

Proofing options:

• Room temperature: 1–2 hours
• Refrigerator: overnight (8–12 hours) – this is my preference, and works really well

Cold proofing in the refrigerator slows fermentation and can improve flavor while making the dough easier to handle the next day.

What to remember: The dough should feel airy and slightly springy when gently pressed.

Bake the Bread

Preheat your oven to 450°F (232°C) with a Dutch oven inside, including the lid. The hot Dutch oven traps steam, which helps create the classic sourdough crust. I recommend at least one hour of pre-heating.

When ready to bake:

• Turn the dough onto a piece parchment paper. (If you did not do your final proof in the refrigerator, you may want to pop your dough into the refrigerator or even the freezer right for 30 minutes before you do this, as it will make it easier to score.)
• Score the top with a sharp blade or knife.
• Immediately, but carefully, place the dough into the hot Dutch oven.

Bake for 20 minutes covered, and then remove the lid and bake another 10–25 minutes uncovered.

The bread is done when the crust is deep golden brown and the internal temperature is around 205–210°F.

Cool the Bread

Allow the bread to cool completely before slicing. This step is important because the interior crumb (the texture inside) continues to set as the loaf cools. Cutting too soon can make the bread gummy.

Cooling time: At least 1 hour

Baking Schedule

Here’s what a typical sourdough baking day might look like — this is now my personal schedule (my times are in paretheses):

Early Morning (8:00 am): Feed your starter.

Midday (1:00 pm): Mix the dough once the starter is active and rest for 30 minutes

Early Afternoon (1:30 pm): Start three sets of stretch and folds, 30 minutes apart

Late afternoon (2:30 pm): Allow the dough to ferment

Evening (10 pm): Shape the loaf, then put in the refrigerator to proof.

The following day (anytime): Bake the bread.

Another common approach is to keep the shaped dough at room temperature in the afternoon and bake it that evening.

Frequently Asked Questions From Beginners

Sourdough baking can feel mysterious when you’re first getting started, but many of the questions beginners have are surprisingly common. Here are a few answers to the questions people ask most often when learning to bake sourdough bread.

When you do the float test, do you use cold or warm water?

Use room temperature or slightly warm water, not cold water. The float test is meant to check whether your sourdough starter is active enough to trap gas and help your bread rise. If you drop a small spoonful of starter into very cold water, it can sometimes sink even if the starter is ready, simply because the colder water is denser and can affect the result.

I usually use room temperature water from the tap. Gently drop in a small spoonful of starter – don’t stir it down. If it floats, it usually means the starter is full of air and ready to bake with. That said, the float test is only a guide, not a guarantee. I trust what I see more: if the starter has doubled after feeding, looks bubbly, and has a light, airy texture, it is usually ready whether it floats or not.

Is there any rule about using metal bowls or utensils?

Modern metal bowls and utensils are generally fine for sourdough. A lot of older advice warns against metal because people worried it could react with the acidity of the starter, but with modern stainless steel bowls and spoons, that is usually not a problem at all. The main thing to avoid is reactive metals like aluminum, cast iron, or copper for long-term contact with your starter, since the acid can react with them and affect both flavor and the container itself. Cast-iron Dutch ovens are just fine for baking, however.

For everyday mixing, feeding, and baking of sourdough, glass, ceramic, food-safe plastic, and stainless steel all work well. What matters most is keeping your tools clean and your starter healthy—not whether your spoon is metal.

Why is my dough “soupy” and spreads out when I go to bake it?

A runny or floppy dough usually means the dough has too much hydration for its structure, the gluten is underdeveloped, the flour is too weak, or the dough has been overproofed. Since I follow my recipe closely and use bread flour (which is a stronger flour with better gluten development, and why I recommend it in this recipe for beginners) this usually means I let the dough ferment too long, either on the counter or in the refrigerator.

Can you save overproofed, soupy dough?

Yes, usually, but it depends on how far it has gone. If your dough is very loose, sticky, and spreads like pancake batter, it may be overproofed or simply overhydrated. If the gluten structure has mostly broken down, you usually cannot turn it back into a tall artisan loaf with strong oven spring, but you can still make good bread from it. Here are a few ways to save it:

• Gently reshape it and place it in a loaf pan for support instead of baking it free-form
• Chill it in the refrigerator for a few hours to firm it up and make it easier to handle
• Turn it into focaccia, where a softer dough actually works beautifully

I encounter this when I leave extra dough in the refrigerator for a few days longer than planned. It may not rise as high, but it still bakes into perfectly good bread with great flavor. A loaf pan is usually the easiest rescue.

Why is the bottom too brown and hard to cut?

The most common reason is that the bottom of your Dutch oven got too hot during preheating. Cast iron holds heat extremely well, and when the dough sits directly on that very hot surface, the bottom can brown faster than the rest of the loaf. This can also happen if your oven runs hot, the rack is placed too low, or the bread bakes too long uncovered. A few easy fixes help:

• Move your oven rack to the center instead of the lower third
• Place a baking sheet on the rack underneath your Dutch oven to diffuse some of the direct heat
• Reduce the oven temperature by 15–25 degrees if your oven tends to run hot
• Try a dozen rice kernels under your parchment paper
• Shorten the uncovered baking time slightly if the crust is already well browned

I’ve found that putting a simple sheet pan under the Dutch oven is often the easiest fix. It helps protect the bottom without changing the rest of the recipe.

Why is my sourdough bread dense?

Dense sourdough bread usually means the dough didn’t ferment long enough or the starter wasn’t active enough. Make sure your starter doubles in size after feeding and shows plenty of bubbles before using it. Also allow enough time during bulk fermentation for the dough to become puffy and airy before shaping.

Why didn’t my bread rise in the oven?

If your loaf spreads instead of rising upward, a few things could be happening. The starter may have been weak, the dough may not have developed enough strength during fermentation, or the dough may have fermented too long and lost structure. Good shaping and a hot oven also help improve oven spring. For example, I left some shaped dough in the refrigerator for seven days (because I had to go out of town) and when I baked it, it was a bit flatter because it fermented too long.

Why does sourdough bread taste sour?

The sour flavor comes from natural acids created during fermentation. Longer fermentation usually produces a stronger sour flavor. If you prefer a milder loaf, shorten fermentation slightly or bake the dough the same day rather than proofing it overnight in the refrigerator. My seven-day-old dough was definitely more sour tasting than the fresh dough, due to the longer fermenting time.

Why does my sourdough bread taste mild?

This can happen if you underproof your bread. Be sure to give it enough time during the bulk fermentation phase. I highly recommend putting it in the refrigerator overnight for the best results. Those times I didn’t put it in the refrigerator it always tasted milder and also seemed softer, but we prefer to actually taste the sourdough flavor and have a more structured loaf.

Do I have to bake sourdough every day to keep a starter?

No. If you bake frequently, you can keep your starter on the counter and feed it daily. If you bake only occasionally, you can store it in the refrigerator and feed it about once a week. Simply remove it from the refrigerator and feed it once or twice before baking to restore activity. I keep mine in the refrigerator, then take it out to feed it, using it to mix and shape three dough loaves, which I then keep in the refrigerator and bake throughout the week as needed.

How do I know when my dough is ready to bake?

Well-fermented dough usually looks slightly puffy and airy. If you gently press the dough with a finger, the indentation should slowly spring back rather than collapsing immediately. With experience, these visual cues become easier to recognize. It took me a few loaves before I got the hang of this!

Why do I have to let the bread cool before slicing?

Fresh bread continues to finish cooking inside after it comes out of the oven. If you cut it too soon, the crumb can become gummy or compressed. Allow the loaf to cool for at least an hour so the interior structure has time to set properly. I know it can be hard to resist, but it’s worth the wait.

How can I get a more open crumb?

A more open crumb usually comes from a combination of stronger gluten development, proper fermentation, and gentle handling. A few things help most:

• Use bread flour instead of all-purpose flour for stronger structure
• Make sure your starter is very active and bubbly before mixing the dough
• Allow enough bulk fermentation so you get a good dough rise, but don’t let it overproof
• Use stretch-and-folds during bulk fermentation to build strength
• Handle the dough gently when shaping so you do not press out all the trapped air
• Bake in a fully preheated Dutch oven so you get strong oven spring

Higher hydration dough can also create a more open crumb, but it is harder to handle and easier to overproof. I usually tell beginners to focus on fermentation and dough strength first, because that makes a bigger difference.

Sometimes people chase giant holes, but for everyday bread, I care more about a loaf that rises well, slices nicely, and still has a soft, airy interior.

What should I do with extra sourdough starter?

Extra starter can be used in many recipes such as pancakes, waffles, crackers, biscuits, and pizza dough. Many bakers, including yours truly, keep a small container of starter discard in the refrigerator and use it in these recipes throughout the week.

Will my first loaf be perfect?

Probably not, and that’s completely normal. While my first loaf was really good, I’m sure an experienced baker could have found issues … but I did not care. I was over the moon excited about my first loaf!

Sourdough baking improves quickly with practice. Each loaf helps you learn more about how your starter behaves, how your kitchen temperature affects fermentation, and how the dough should look and feel at each stage.

With a little patience, most beginners find that sourdough becomes easier and more enjoyable with every loaf they bake. I certainly have! Here is my 8th loaf, and the best one yet.

I was so excited about this one that I sent a photo of it to my mom, my aunt, and my sister!

And here is my 12th loaf … this one I am actually taking to family gathering so they can taste it themselves.

What else do I need to know?

As it turns out, sourdough bread baking is a deep subject. But it’s best to stick with the basics when you are learning, and then when you feel confident, you can try new things and new tools!